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foreign

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there are some problems in astrophysics

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that can't be solved on a normal

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computer

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[Music]

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my name is Ryan Tanner I study active

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collect nuclei and star formation and

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how they affect galaxies I have been

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doing research and computer simulations

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of Galactic outflows for a number of

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years now

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my name is Kim Weaver and I work at Nasa

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I've been looking at AGN for a very long

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time and we just don't understand how

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the Jets impact the galaxies in these

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[Music]

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an AGN is where you have a supermassive

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black hole at the center of a galaxy and

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occasionally there's gas or a star or

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something that gets too close to the

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supermassive black hole and it begins to

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get pulled in by gravity but when it

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does that it releases a huge amount of

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energy there are strong Jets and weak

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Jets high intensity AGN large Jets have

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been studied for a long time we've seen

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they're very obvious you can see them on

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the sky you see them bright in the radio

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emission you see them bright in the

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optical the largest ones can get several

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million light years in size the low

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Luminosity jets are much harder to find

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and often do not even leave their

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galaxies and are very compact we know

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some things about the AGN but we don't

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know everything it's like a big puzzle

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piece we're doing a jigsaw puzzle and

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there's pieces that are missing and

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there's some that we have fairly well

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put together but others where we have no

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idea what's there one of the major

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puzzle pieces that we're missing is how

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these low Luminosity agns impact and

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determine the evolution of their host

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galaxies

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for this problem we have to use super

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[Music]

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for my research I use a code called

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Athena it can do anything from planet

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formation star formation supernovas and

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anything in between and I did some

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modifications to it in order to tailor

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it to my exact problem that I have the

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process of watching this was impressive

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because you know there's so much

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computation going in and there's so much

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Focus going into this project and the

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outcome is going to be something pretty

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foreign

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came to me and said I need a super new

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Peter and I said okay what what because

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I had never helped anybody get the super

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computer time I've seen it I've been in

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the room it's amazing you submit a

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request online in the system you have to

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provide a justification for what you're

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going to use you have to explain the

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project behind it you have to explain

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basically what you expect to get out of

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it and how you will use those results

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and that goes through a review process

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that can take several months the formal

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review process can take anywhere between

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six months up to I've Been Told 18

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foreign

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basically I can use the supercomputer

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from anywhere in the world as long as I

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have a secure connection to it and then

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once I'm logged on to it it's as if I'm

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there using the supercomputer in the

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actual building where it's housed I can

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upload the code that I need to use to

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run in any data files that need to go in

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for inputs and then I can simply use a

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command to submit a job on the

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supercomputer and it puts it in a long

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queue of different people who have

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foreign

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[Music]

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how things were going and he said it's

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going to be another few days because I

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have a simulations running so for the

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paper that we wrote for this particular

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result it was about

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800 000 hours of computational time when

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I'm actually doing the research and

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doing the simulations like I said I

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don't think too much about it but when I

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talk to other people and explain what

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I'm doing that's when I realized oh this

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is these are really big simulations and

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these are there's a lot of stuff going

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on here that most people will never see

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or the amount of computational resources

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most people will never use in their life

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foreign

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ER and getting the simulation data back

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was a process that just continuously

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would do it over several months I would

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have to run a simulation download the

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data look at it see if there was doing

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what I expected it to do if there was

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anything that was wrong I had to go back

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and figure out what was wrong with the

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code then I would make that change to

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the code on the supercomputer run on the

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simulation Again download the data look

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at it and just repeat the process over

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many many months over basically a year

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fact is sometimes it can take decades to

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things happen but you have to have the

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patience and that's hopefully that's

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what most astronomers have and they need

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is patience

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because the universe doesn't always bend

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to your will and you have to wait to

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[Music]

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it was one of those things where I

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didn't know exactly what would come out

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of the simulations that's why we're

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and that's sort of the case as it was

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here was We Run The simulations and then

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something unexpected came out of these

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AGN these low power agns actually have a

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very large impact on their host galaxies

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the blue color in the center the blue

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green colors indicate the the Galaxy

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itself when you see the pink colors that

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are coming out and the purple that is

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the actual jet itself the Jets can be

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split they can be split by a dense Cloud

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into streams as they come out of the

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Galaxy they can be deflected which is

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they change direction entirely and in

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some cases the jet can be entirely

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stopped are we seeing star formation

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that's being created by the Jets

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impacting the clouds which I think would

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be really cool because again that says

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the black holes are doing something

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amazing to the galaxies by being there

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or we can see that the Jets could be

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disrupting the star formation and

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slowing it down which is another

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possibility and those two things we

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don't know yet which one is the right

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answer the two major things to draw out

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of this is just how complex these jets

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are because they interact with their

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host Galaxy they're not simple they're

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not nice smooth outflows the other thing

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is that these low power AGM Jets the

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Galaxy determines what the Jets look

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like to a greater degree than has been

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assumed before

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I never thought I'd be involved in a

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project that uses supercomputer so to me

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it was a bit of an alien thing and so I

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was fascinated that we actually were

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doing this and yes and when I saw the

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results that came out I was impressed I

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was excited

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just a very exciting thing to study

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something that is so incredibly new to